Biomarker-Guided Clinical Interventions in Geriatric Heart Failure: From Phenotyping to Practice
Journal: Clinical Interventions in Aging
Heart failure (HF) affects over 64 million people worldwide and disproportionately burdens adults aged 65 and above, in whom clinical presentation, comorbidity burden, and physiological reserve differ markedly from younger patients. In this population, guideline-directed medical therapies — including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and SGLT2 inh…