Microenvironments in Oral Biofilms
Journal: Journal of Oral Microbiology
Microenvironments in oral biofilms are increasingly recognized as key determinants of microbial behavior, resilience, and pathogenicity. Rather than being homogeneous layers of bacteria, dental biofilms are highly structured, spatially organized communities in which steep gradients of pH, oxygen, redox potential, nutrients, and signaling molecules develop over micrometer distances. These localized conditions shape m…