Marine Mining and Sediment-Related Geological Hazards
Journal: Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
Seafloor sediments and bedrock form the fundamental geological foundation for marine mineral resource exploration, seafloor engineering, and marine mining operations. Marine mining—including the extraction of seafloor massive sulfides, polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, phosphate deposits, and placer deposits—inevitably disturbs sedimentary environments, alters seabed topography, triggers sedim…