Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS, Steel)
Psychology: PersonalityReliability: alpha 0.923 sample items
About this scale
A 12-item self-report measure of dispositional procrastination — irrational delay despite knowing it will be costly.
Sample item(s)
“I delay making decisions until it's too late”
“I am continually saying I'll do it tomorrow”
“I find myself running out of time”
Reliability
Reported internal consistency: alpha 0.92. As a rule of thumb, Cronbach’s α ≥ .70 is considered acceptable, ≥ .80 good, and ≥ .90 excellent for established measures.
Notes
Free for academic use.
Source & citation
Steel, P. (2010): Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: Do they exist? Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 926–934.
Source. Scale details are summarised from the publication cited above. Always consult the original source for the full item set, scoring, and permission to use.
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