2×2 Achievement Goals (Elliot & Murayama)
Psychology: Cognition & EducationReliability: alphas 0.84–0.94 across 4 goals4 sample items
About this scale
A 12-item measure of four achievement-goal orientations crossed by valence (approach/avoid) and definition (mastery/performance): mastery-approach, mastery-avoid, performance-approach, performance-avoid.
Sample item(s)
“My aim is to completely master the material presented in this class (mastery-approach)”
“My aim is to avoid learning less than I possibly could (mastery-avoid)”
“My aim is to perform well relative to other students (performance-approach)”
“My aim is to avoid doing worse than other students (performance-avoid)”
Reliability
Reported internal consistency: alphas 0.84–0.94 across 4 goals. As a rule of thumb, Cronbach’s α ≥ .70 is considered acceptable, ≥ .80 good, and ≥ .90 excellent for established measures.
Notes
Free for academic use.
Source & citation
Elliot, A. J., & Murayama, K. (2008): On the measurement of achievement goals: Critique, illustration, and application. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 100, No. 3, pp. 613–628.
Elliot & Murayama (2008): 2×2 achievement goals. JEP, 100(3), 613–628.
Source. Scale details are summarised from the publication cited above. Always consult the original source for the full item set, scoring, and permission to use.
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