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CVSCALE: Individual-Level Cultural Values (Yoo, Donthu & Lenartowicz)
Cross-culturalReliability: alpha 0.69–0.85 across five dimensions3 sample items
About this scale
A 26-item measure of Hofstede's five cultural dimensions at the individual level: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Collectivism, Masculinity, and Long-Term Orientation. Designed to address the criticism that VSM should not be used at the individual level.
Sample item(s)
“People in higher positions should not ask the opinions of people in lower positions too frequently. (PD)”
“It is important to follow instructions and procedures closely. (UA)”
“Group success is more important than individual success. (Coll)”
Reliability
Reported internal consistency: alpha 0.69–0.85 across five dimensions. As a rule of thumb, Cronbach’s α ≥ .70 is considered acceptable, ≥ .80 good, and ≥ .90 excellent for established measures.
Notes
Standard for individual-level Hofstede operationalization; widely used in MENA HRM research.
Source & citation
Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lenartowicz, T. (2011): Measuring Hofstede's five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 23, No. 3–4, pp. 193–210.
Yoo, Donthu & Lenartowicz (2011): CVSCALE. JICM, 23(3–4), 193–210.
Source. Scale details are summarised from the publication cited above. Always consult the original source for the full item set, scoring, and permission to use.
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