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Values Survey Module (VSM 2013, Hofstede)

Cross-culturalReliability: Country-level use; not designed for individual-level alpha3 sample items

About this scale

A 30-item culture-survey instrument designed to compute six national-culture indices: Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long-Term Orientation, and Indulgence. Designed for cross-country comparison, not for individual personality assessment.

Sample item(s)

“Have a job that gives you sufficient time for your personal or family life. (importance)”
“Have a boss (direct superior) you can respect.”
“How often, in your experience, are subordinates afraid to contradict their boss or supervisor?”

Reliability

Reported internal consistency: Country-level use; not designed for individual-level alpha. As a rule of thumb, Cronbach’s α ≥ .70 is considered acceptable, ≥ .80 good, and ≥ .90 excellent for established measures.

Notes

Designed for matched country samples; do NOT compute individual-level scores. For individual-level cultural orientation use Yoo, Donthu & Lenartowicz (2011) CVSCALE.

Source & citation

Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. (2013): Values Survey Module 2013 Manual. Geert Hofstede BV.

Hofstede & Minkov (2013): VSM 2013 Manual.

Source. Scale details are summarised from the publication cited above. Always consult the original source for the full item set, scoring, and permission to use.

Use it in your research

Need to check the reliability or psychometrics of this scale in your own data? Use the free DrAIStudio research tools:

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Related scales in Cross-cultural

CVSCALE: Individual-Level Cultural Values (Yoo, Donthu & Lenartowicz)Wasta (Arab connections / favouritism)Islamic Work Ethic (IWE, Ali)Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS, Ang et al.)Cultural Tightness–Looseness (Gelfand et al.)Horizontal–Vertical Individualism–Collectivism (Singelis et al.)Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA, Ryder, Alden & Paulhus)Individual Power Distance Orientation (Earley & Erez / Yoo)Cross-Cultural Adjustment (Black & Stephens)Repatriation AdjustmentGeneralized Ethnocentrism (GENE, Neuliep & McCroskey)Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi (SSG, Chen, Chen & Xin)

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