Home › Scale Atlas › HR & Work › Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVLN, Rusbult, Farrell, Rogers & Mainous)
Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVLN, Rusbult, Farrell, Rogers & Mainous)
HR & WorkReliability: alphas 0.71–0.84 across 4 facets4 sample items
About this scale
A 16-item measure of four responses to job dissatisfaction: exit (leaving), voice (constructive change), loyalty (passive support), and neglect (passive withdrawal). Foundational typology of employee responses to dissatisfaction.
Sample item(s)
“I think a lot about leaving the organization. (exit)”
“I discuss problems with my supervisor. (voice)”
“I patiently wait for things to improve. (loyalty)”
“I let conditions get worse without doing anything. (neglect)”
Reliability
Reported internal consistency: alphas 0.71–0.84 across 4 facets. As a rule of thumb, Cronbach’s α ≥ .70 is considered acceptable, ≥ .80 good, and ≥ .90 excellent for established measures.
Notes
Anchored in Hirschman's (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty framework. Useful for studying full repertoire of dissatisfaction responses.
Source & citation
Rusbult, C. E., Farrell, D., Rogers, G., & Mainous, A. G. (1988): Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 599–627.
Rusbult, Farrell, Rogers & Mainous (1988): EVLN. AMJ, 31(3), 599–627.
Source. Scale details are summarised from the publication cited above. Always consult the original source for the full item set, scoring, and permission to use.
Use it in your research
Need to check the reliability or psychometrics of this scale in your own data? Use the free DrAIStudio research tools:
Cronbach’s alpha calculator
All statistical calculators
Search the full Scale Atlas
Academic writing humanizer