Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R, Einarsen & Hoel)
HR & WorkReliability: alpha 0.903 sample items
About this scale
A 22-item measure of behaviours indicative of workplace bullying — work-related, person-related, and physically intimidating acts. Items are rated on a 5-point frequency scale and the scale does not require the respondent to label themselves as 'bullied'.
Sample item(s)
“Someone withholding information that affects your performance. (work-related)”
“Being humiliated or ridiculed in connection with your work. (person-related)”
“Threats of violence or physical abuse, or actual abuse. (physical)”
Reliability
Reported internal consistency: alpha 0.90. As a rule of thumb, Cronbach’s α ≥ .70 is considered acceptable, ≥ .80 good, and ≥ .90 excellent for established measures.
Notes
Behavioural-frequency reporting reduces social-desirability bias compared with self-labelling measures.
Source & citation
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009): Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised. Work & Stress, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 24–44.
Einarsen, Hoel & Notelaers (2009): NAQ-R. Work & Stress, 23(1), 24–44.
Source. Scale details are summarised from the publication cited above. Always consult the original source for the full item set, scoring, and permission to use.
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